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Yi I (, December 26, 1536 – 1584) was one of the two most prominent Korean Confucian scholars of the Joseon Dynasty, the other being his older contemporary, Yi Hwang (Toegye).〔Daehwan, Noh. ("The Eclectic Development of Neo-Confucianism and Statecraft from the 18th to the 19th Century," ) ''Korea Journal.'' Winter 2003.〕 Yi I is often referred to by his pen name Yulgok ("Chestnut valley"). He is not only known as a scholar but also as a revered politician and reformer.〔 (Yi I ) at Doosan Encyclopedia〕 He was academical successor of Jo Gwang-jo. == Life == Yi I was born in Gangneung, Gangwon Province in 1536. His father was a Fourth State Councillor (''jwachanseong'' 좌찬성) and his mother, Shin Saimdang, the accomplished artist and calligraphist. He was the grand nephew of Yi Gi, prime minister 1549 to 1551. early years he was learn of Baik In-geol, successor of Jo Gwang-jo. late years, It is said that by the age of seven he had finished his lessons in the Confucian classics, and passed the Civil Service literary examination at the age of 13. Yi I secluded himself in Kumgang-san following his mother's death when he was 16 and stayed for 3 years, studying Buddhism. He left the mountains at 20 and devoted himself to the study of Confucianism.〔 (Yi I ) at The Academy of Korean Studies〕〔 () at Encyclopedia of Korean Culture〕 He married at 22 and a half, went to visit Yi Hwang at Dosan the following year. He passed special exams with top honors with a winning thesis titled ''Cheondochaek'' (hangul:천도책, hanja: 天道策, "Book on the Way of Heaven"), which was widely regarded as a literary masterpiece, displaying his knowledge of history and the Confucian philosophy of politics, and also reflecting his profound knowledge of Taoism.〔Lee Eunjik(이은직) translated by Jeong Hongjun(정홍준), ''Great Joseon Masters'' Vol.2 (조선명인전 2) p35, Ilbit Publishing, Seoul, 2005. ISBN 89-5645-087-0〕 He continuously received top honors on civil exams for a consecutive 9 times. His father died when he was 26.〔 He served in various positions in government from the age of 29, and visited the Ming Dynasty as ''seojanggwan'' (hangul: 서장관, hanja: 書狀官, document officer) in 1568. He also participated in the writing of the ''Myeongjong Annals'' and at 34, authored ''Dongho Mundap'', an eleven-article political memorial devoted to clarifying his conviction that a righteous government could be achieved.〔 (Dongho Mundap ) at Doosan Encyclopedia〕 Due to his vast experience in different offices over the years, Yi I was able to garner a wide vision of politics and with the deep trust of the king, became one of the central figures of politics by the time he was 40. His many documents and theses were presented to the royal court but when political conflicts escalated in 1576, his efforts proved fruitless and he returned home. Following his return, he devoted his time to studies and education of his disciples and authored several books.〔 He returned to office at 45 and while holding various minister positions, produced many writings which recorded crucial political events and showed his efforts to ease the political conflicts that were rampant at that time. However, King Seonjo was noncommittal in his attitude and it became difficult for Yi I to remain in a neutral position in the conflicts. He left office in 1583 and died the following year.〔 According to legend, he had a pavilion built near the ford of the Imjin River in his lifetime and instructed his heirs to set it ablaze when the king had to flee northward from Seoul, to provide a guiding beacon. This took place during Hideyoshi's invasions of Korea at the Imjin war.〔Choi Beomseo (최범서), ''Unofficial History of Joseon Vol. 2'' p52, Garam Publishing, Seoul, 2003. ISBN 89-8435-143-1〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Yi I」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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